Posts tagged with "politics"

An Introduction to Chickens’ Lib and the Chickens’ Lib Archive

Posted on by Hayley Bruffell

View the Chickens’ Lib Archive on our catalogue.

The History of Chickens’ Lib

In the early 1970s, Clare Druce and her mother Violet purchased four live ‘spent’ hens from an East London butcher’s shop. They took them, uninvited, to the Ministry of Agriculture’s Animal Welfare Department in Surrey, along with a reporter and photographer from the Surrey Comet newspaper. The ‘invasion’ (as the press called it) earned them a front page spread in the Surrey Comet. Over the years, they took part in further campaigns and acquired the help of other animal rights campaigners, eventually naming their small pressure group Chickens’ Lib, which later evolved into the Farm Animal Welfare Network.

Their first national support came in 1975 when they were chosen as one of the candidates for the BBC’s Open Door programme, an initiative which saw them supplied with a professional    producer and TV studio to make a short programme about the group. The programme came out live on BBC2 at peak viewing time and earned Chickens’ Lib more than 500 letters of support.

Over the years, the number of supporters grew and many well-known people in the arts, sciences and Church lent their names to their campaigns. At first Chickens’ Lib were unwelcome on the premises of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (now DEFRA), but their careful and in-depth research, and their strict adherence to non-violent activism, meant that they were often treated as experts in their field. For years they were invited to official meetings where farmed animals were being discussed.

When Violet died in 1999, aged 91, and as other members of the group were obliged to other commitments, Chickens’ Lib (now the Farm Animal Welfare Network) came to an end. Since then, many bigger pressure groups and animal charities have emerged and taken their place, but Chickens’ Lib were valuable in unearthing some of the worst aspects of animal abuse in the early days.

Archive Overview

The Chickens’ Lib Archive was donated to Heritage Quay in 2021 by Clare Druce. It contains a substantial collection of letters and campaign materials covering the history of the group from the 1970s until 2017.

Some of the many campaign documents reveal how Chickens’ Lib petitioned the Prince of Wales and the Queen about game birds, specifically cruelty in pheasant shooting (item ref: CKL/CA/1/5) and the use of bird ‘specs’ (item ref: CKL/CA/1/4). The latter documentation includes an article issued by The People with headline “Queen Bans Bird Specs!,” showing the real-world changes influenced by Chickens’ Lib.

These campaign documents also include an expert witness personal statement written by Clare Druce, highlighting her qualifications as an expert in the McDonalds libel trial of 1996 (item ref: CKL/CA/5). These documents are supported by the government correspondence (item ref: CKL/CO/1) between Druce and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, which reveal how the group were thought of in high standing and were later invited to official government meetings.

The wealth of correspondence available reveals the relationship between Chickens’ Lib and international organisations, asking for assistance or advice setting up their own campaign initiatives (item ref: CKL/CO/2) from groups in the USA, Australia, South Africa and beyond.

There are also many letters and cards from their supporters and patrons (CKL/CO/3). These include celebrity supporters such as Spike Milligan, Barbara Castle M.E.P, and Joanna Lumley, as well as various members of government and the Church. There are also a large variety of marketing materials (item ref: CKL/MK) including newsletters, factsheets, posters, postcards, badges, banners, and audio-visual media.

We hold a copy of their 1975 BBC2 Open Door programme (item ref: CKL/MK/5/1/2) for which they received their first national support, and their factsheets further support their reputation as an authority on bird farming. These sheets (item ref: CKL/MK/2) include a topic index for ease of access, and cover subjects such as animal diet, disease, antibiotics, foie gras, broiler chickens, the battery hen, turkey farming and the egg industry.

Their research included site visits to battery hen farms where photographs were taken to document their findings and record living conditions. The archive contains these photographs as well as images of demonstrations, hen rescues and the group’s first uninvited visit to Whitehall in 1973 (all items ref: CKL/MK/9). There are many newspaper cuttings (item ref: CKL/PR) included in the archive, covering the demonstrations, activities, and media appearances of Chickens’ Lib, as well as support from celebrities.

The Chickens’ Lib Archive tells the fascinating story of the relentless and challenging work involved in trying to achieve even the smallest of changes, and it is now live on our online catalogue:

https://heritagequay.org/archives/ckl/

The archive is open to everyone, and appointments can be made to view items using our online booking form.

Clarion call from the archives

Posted on by Sarah Wickham

The acquisition of the Robert Blatchford Collection by the University Archives and Special Collections service demonstrates an on-going commitment to building political resources of both local and international significance at the University of Huddersfield.  Robert Peel Glanville Blatchford (1851-1943) grew up in Halifax, and was a soldier, patriot, author and journalist who founded the weekly socialist newspaper The Clarion in 1891.  Blatchford’s political beliefs created tensions within the International Labour Party, and his views on subjects including education, religion and war continued to be controversial throughout his life, even to his supporters, and may have influenced the unstable readership history of the Clarion throughout the early twentieth century.  More than just a newspaper, it generated a dynamic ‘Clarion Movement’, through which socialist Britons formed social clubs embracing activities from cycling to Scouts, some of which have endured to the present day.  An activist driven by his own beliefs, rather than bound by organisational loyalties, in the 1920s Blatchford became disillusioned with labour and eventually voted Conservative. Defiantly atheist, after a number of personal tragedies he turned to Spiritualism.  He was also a steadfast patriot, and his love for his country is reflected throughout his work.

The archive relates to Blatchford’s professional and personal life, and includes a long, affectionate and witty correspondence with his two daughters about the personal and political issues of the day, and correspondence received by the sisters upon his death in 1943.  It also contains copies of his books and publications, and a large number of articles written by or about him on his beliefs, from Socialism to Spiritualism and the impending threat from Germany during the 1930s.  The collection comes to the university following the recent success of the second annual JH Whitley lecture in political history, and joins a core of important political archives reflecting the work of local MPs and the history of the Labour party and socialist politics in nineteenth and twentieth century West Yorkshire.

The collection was deposited by Lord David Clark, Baron Clark of Windermere, a former MP for the Colne Valley and previously a Senior Lecturer in Politics for the University of Huddersfield.  Once catalogued, the collection will be available for consultation from Summer 2014 by appointment with the university archives.

2013-11-14 Lord Clarke depositing Blatchford WEB
Lord Clarke exploring the collection with Amy-Jo and Sue White, Director of Computing and Library Services

Collections focus: political records

Posted on by Sarah Wickham

Background to the collections

The collections reflect major social, cultural and political movements of national and international significance, which have a common thread in relating to Huddersfield and the region as a key location for associated activity.

We currently hold 73 individual archival collections and 55 individual Special Collections (of published material).  These collections occupy 194 m3 and contain more than 200,000 individual items. The individual collections vary considerably in their size. The largest are the University’s own internal archives (at least 950 boxes), the Rugby League (Board) Archive (approximately 900 boxes), Hopkinson’s business archive (approximately 421 boxes), the British Music Collection (approximately 365 linear metres) and the Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival archive (approximately 171 boxes). Most other archive collections are between 1 box and 72 boxes, and the special collections between 1 and 90 linear metres. The total number of individual items is around 214,349.

 A wide range of formats are covered, including files and individual sheets, textile samples in bound volumes, large formats including maps, plans, drawings, posters, magnetic video and audio cassettes, photographic formats of a wide range of types and dates, many of them plastic based (acetate and nitrate), long playing records and digital material both sound and image.

The vast majority of the collections date from the mid-19th century to the modern day, although there are a few items dating back to the 18th century and one or two items even earlier. 

Politics

West Yorkshire has had a long reputation for radical politics. These collections help inform that reputation. They were collected because the University of Huddersfield and its predecessor have a national reputation as a centre for the study of Labour history. Indeed, the Huddersfield Labour Party records were purchased by the Polytechnic in the 1960s well in advance of the establishment of a formal archive service.  This displays the long-term aspiration of the Polytechnic to develop this area of specialism and the recognition by the Polytechnic of the value of these records.

There are the records for the Labour parties of Colne Valley, Denby Dale and Huddersfield. The Colne Valley Constituency collection is particularly interesting as it was the first constituency –based Labour Party in Britain and includes all its meeting records since its creation in 1891.  The Colne Valley Labour Party Collection provides a detailed and coherent record of the operation and experience of a local political party organisation.  It covers the work of the local Labour Party including its very active Women’s Section and includes minutes, correspondence and accounts plus the records of individual Labour clubs across the region. It also holds records on the campaign elections of individual candidates such as Tom Mann, who was a founder of the Independent Labour Party and a militant Socialist, and Victor Grayson, another radical socialist whose mysterious disappearance in 1920 was widely believed to have been the result of his intention to reveal evidence of Lloyd George’s sales of honours.

There is a similarly detailed range of records for the Huddersfield Labour Party, which is equally interesting.  This collection demonstrates the widespread interests and work of constituency MPs and their close connections with community life as well as the operations of a local political party.

 

JH Whitley letter from King George V
JH Whitley letter from King George V

These Labour Party collections are supplemented by collections relating to several MPs.  The most notable are the papers of JH Whitley who was Speaker of the House of Commons in the 1920s (including during the General Strike) and became Chairman of the BBC (1930-935). 

There are also the records of Mick Clapham (Barnsley West MP from 1992 to 2010), who opposed many of Tony Blair’s measures and resigned over cutting of benefits to lone parents. This collection covers his constituency work e.g. reports, correspondence.  Another collection details the work of J P W Mallalieu, Huddersfield’s longest serving MP (1945-79).

These Archive collections are strongly supported by a variety of special collections. For example the library of Arthur Gardiner who was a conscientious objector during the First World War (when Huddersfield was a major centre for the anti-war movement) and a Huddersfield Councillor in later life. The collection covers local history, general history, books and pamphlets covering politics, history and social history. The items date from the late C19th through to mid C20th. It is the Library of a self-made man in the Huddersfield tradition. The library of Dr Wilson includes many volumes relating to left wing ideas, and the Left Book Club collection includes many ‘classic’ left wing texts. The major George Henry Wood collection includes works on politics of all sorts.

There is a good collection of C20th newspapers particularly from the Labour and Socialist movements which supplement newspapers held in the Colne Valley and Huddersfield Labour party Archives. There are also the left wing publications of the Wilson collection and the Conservative Party ephemera found in the Whittaker collection.

To find out more about any of our collections, please contact us.